Eugenics An Unorthodox Twist - 2386 Words

Tejes Gaertner Senior Division Eugenics: Science with an unorthodox twist Historical Paper Word Count: 1605 Modern day eugenics has the ability to fix faulty characteristics such as baldness, height, and genetic diseases. On the other hand, eugenics has the possibility of defining a person’s value based on heredity. The term Eugenics derives from the Greek word eu meaning good and well, and genos meaning offspring (Modern Eugenics). The ideas rooted in this paradigm have been intertwined in positive and negative events in history. Conventional eugenics (or selective breeding) has been used on plants and animals for thousands of years to yield a more desirable product. Modern day eugenics originates with Francis Dalton who borrowed form Charles Darwin’s work on natural selection to suggest that detrimental behaviors such as Alcoholism and criminal activity were a result of heredity. Although humans have explored eugenics as a way to improve their species, destructive cultures have encountered scientific knowledge, and exchanged ideas about exterminating the weak in order to c reate a better species. An early example of people improving species through selection is the domestication of animals. Animals were used for hunting, warning systems against predators, and companionship (History of Eugenics). Humans wanted powerful animals that could protect their owner, and help produce food and clothing. Humans recognized that the fittest animal comes from theShow MoreRelatedHistory and culture of Never Let Me Go Essay examples1314 Words   |  6 Pagesto illustrate the authors view that our real world practice of eugenics is as equally immoral and degrading as the world he describes. The eugenic-soaked world of Never Let me Go is dystopian, and our real world, with its quiet adoption of soft eugenics, is equally dystopian. Ishiguros point is that utopia can never be attained in either realm if it contains the contagion of eugenics. By depicting unfair struggles that eugenics rigged pre-destination imposes on his oh so human characters

World War Two and the Atomic Bomb Essay - 739 Words

World War Two and the Atomic Bomb World War II is one of the most historic points in the history of the world. The war was by far the most devastating in the history of the world. There were many controversial actions during the war, but one of the biggest was the decision by the United States to drop atomic bombs. The atomic bomb should have been used to end the war because it saved more lives than continuing the war. The official bombing order was signed on July 25, 1945, by Thos. T. Handy and sent to General Carl Spaatz. The bombing order called for additional bombs for the targets in Japan when called on by the project staff. The bomb was set to be dropped the first time the weather permitted after August 3,†¦show more content†¦In the 1960s the public saw the bomb only as an action to gain an upper hand with Russia (Goodman, screen 2). Also, on a more tragic note, by 1946, 240,000 Japanese had died from the two bombs (screen 1). Even now people are still dying from the effects of the Atomic Bomb(Why, screen 1). One aspect that is under big concern is whether dropping the bomb or an invasion would have taken more lives. One source that gave estimates of an invasion stated, In a meeting on 18 June the Joint War Plans Committee gave Truman projected death rates ranging from a low of 31,000 to a high of 50,000 (Goodman, screen 6). This number was much lower than predictions from other sources. A.C. Snow, a News and Observer editor, wrote, The invasion was expected to be the Armageddon of World War II some historians project that a million or more lives would have been lost (screen 1). President Truman and Secretary of War, Henry Stimson, said that dropping the bomb was a military action that avoided the loss of many lives in the upcoming invasion of Kyushu (Goodman, screens 1-2). During the war the Japanese were killed twenty-two to every one American, so if the invasion would have taken place with these numbers the bomb saved many lives (screen 6), On the side of President Trumans decision to use the bomb to end the war was the fact that far, far more people, civilians and military would have been killed onShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Atomic Bomb in World War Two1311 Words   |  6 PagesThe Atomic Bomb in World War Two In 1941 the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, the armed forces of the United States and her allies had been at war with Japan. The combined land, sea and air forces of the allied forces fought back against Japan, until only the Japanese homeland remained in Japanese control. On July 26,1941 President Truman issued the Potsdam Declaration,which called for Japan’s unconditional surrender and listed peace terms. The Japanese were warned of the consequences ofRead MoreTruman and Atomic Bombs649 Words   |  3 Pagesdropping of the atom bomb. HARRY S TRUMAN amp; THE DECISION TO ORDER THE DROPPING OF THE ATOMIC BOMB Boom! Boom! Seventy thousands Japanese citizens were perished instantly after the first atomic bomb was dropped in Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. Japanese still refused to surrender to Allied forces. On August 9, 1945, with the dropping of the second atomic bomb in Nagasaki, where eighty thousands people were vaporized, Japanese surrendered unconditionally and the World War II ended (â€Å"The DecisionRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb : Manhattan Project1331 Words   |  6 PagesTopic: The Atomic Bomb: Manhattan Project The Manhattan Project was a research and development project that produced the first nuclear weapons during World War II. The Manhattan project was the invention of the first two nuclear bombs, Fat man and little boy. These two bombs were dropped on Japanese islands to end World War II. Math The formula E=MC2 is responsible for the immense power of the Atomic Bomb. E = mc2, equation in German-born physicist Albert Einstein’s theoryRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb On The World War II887 Words   |  4 Pagesdrop two atomic bombs days apart in the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. I completely agree with President Truman’s decision to drop the atomic bomb on the two Japanese cities because I believe it is the main reason that ended World War II. Being from Malaysia, my grandparents often told me stories of their sufferings during World War II. As Singapore’s former Prime Minister concurred, the Japanese soldiers were mean, brutal and vicious towards the civilians, and if the atomic bombs wereRead MoreA Closer Look at the Bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki1485 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States to surrender in the war and rejecting each one, the Japanese set themselves up for disaster. On August 6, 1945 the course of history was changed. Two atomic bombs were dropped on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima, and three days later, August 9, 1945, on Nagasaki that ended World War II. Japan had already been a defeated nation from conventional bombs and World War II. Many innocent lives were lost, psychological scars were left on the lives of the bomb survivors, and thus many livesRead MoreThe Manhattan Project1519 Words   |  7 PagesThe process of building the two atomic bombs was long and hard. The Manhattan project employed 120,000 people, and cost almost $2 billion. Although there were 120,000 Americans working on the project only a select group of scientist knew of the atomic bomb development. Vice president Truman never knew about the development of the bombs until he became president. The axis powers did not know what was going on with the development of the atomic bomb; there was a soviet spy in the project. The sovietRead MoreHiroshima And The Atomic Bomb1716 Words   |  7 Pagesdropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, wh ich was the first time an atomic bomb was used in war. Three days later, the United States proceeded to drop an atomic bomb again on another city, Nagasaki, which was the last time that an atomic bomb has ever been used in the world till today. Soon after the devastating bombings, with thousands of Japanese civilians dead, the Japanese emperor Hirohito surrendered, marking the official end of WWII. Consequently, whether or not dropping the atomic bomb was theRead MoreThe Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki1656 Words   |  7 PagesDid the atomic bomb have to be used in World War II on Japan? There were multiple reasons why the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were necessary. One of which is to reduce the chance of Allied casualties if the war continued. Another reason was to prohibit the possibility that an Axis country such as Nazi Germany, could create an atomic weapon. A third reason or is whether or not the use of atomic weapons on innocent people was worth the media backlash. A final reason is that the workRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb1094 Words   |  5 Pageshelping create the atomic bomb. The idea of the atomic bomb with atoms and fission was not conceived overnight. The scientist from Ernest Rutherford who is from New Zealand to German, British, Japanese, and other scientist from across the globe all contributed to nuclear physics and research on the atom. Most who worked on the famous Manhattan Project were from other countries. The Republic of science was not an actual institution but a belief that the scientists of the world would go beyond politicsRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki884 Words   |  4 Pagescities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki as the atomic bombs were dropped. Thousands of people were killed instantly, with the rest left critically injured. Eventually, it was measured that 135,000 people were killed as a result of these bombs. We know that many people were killed. But how and why were the atomic bomb s created? Who decided to use them? These questions all contribute to the fact that the atomic bombs impacted the world greatly. It all started when World War II began in 1939. Some scientists

Management and Business Administration

Questions: 1.Morgan (1997) has proposed that the way we think about organizations depends upon the mental images or metaphors we use. Using the article on Morgan's ideas, which of these images or metaphors applies to Factory system before the development of Scientific Management? 2.Based on your reading of Chapter 5 (pg. 56), what would you say are some of the obstacles to making the "best" decisions about ways to reach a goal or solve a problem? 3. Do you think the term used by Barnard -- "common moral purpose" is a good way to describe what happens in work organizations? 4.Organizations want to achieve both economies of scale and economies of scope; they want to specialize yet be flexible. What does each of these separate demands mean for organizing and managing? Answers: 1. Before the development of scientific management or what can be referred as Taylorism on the way we think or view organizations, there are a number of mental images or metaphors as described by Morgan 1997 that applies to factory system. The first one is Organizational culture. This is a metaphor or a mental picture that is guided by artifacts, espoused values and beliefs. Artifacts are visible ways of doing things like rituals, ways to address people, products and dress code that inform how people should be seen to be. If a certain group of people or an individual have solved a problem in an industrial system for example finding a way a producing certain product that the market have largely embraced, than the whole setup of an industry follows what the group or the individual did provided it is producing results. The organization doesnt find out why the product worked in the market. The most important think is that it is working and that is it. The norm is socially validated and passed on to other people as shared assumption. Psychic prisons is another metaphor which applies to factory systems before development of scientific management in that the initial policies which made organizations thrive when they begun are continually held on year in year out without changing. Thus creating mind sets that do not change and keep doing things same way. (O?rtenblad, Trehan and Putnam, 2017). Did it change after Taylor's ideas were adopted These views changed after Taylors ideas were adopted in that scientific management advocates for analysis and logic but not fixed ideologies that are not accompanied by reason. (O?rtenblad, Trehan and Putnam, 2017). 2. Rational bureaucratic organization face a number of challenges or obstacles in the process of making arriving at best conclusions or decisions. Since this organizations practices hierarchy of authority vital information about the outcomes/results or even the environment may not the top decision-making organ the way it was picked on the ground. Before the information gets to next level of authority it is subjected to the company rules so that the lower level doesnt appear to have contravened the organization rules and ways of conducting business. This perpetual distortion of information continues with every stage of authority before reaching the top level. The Filtering of information will result to a decision being taken which is not the best. These organizations are likely to emphasis on status-quo because they are too bureaucratic and anything outside the norm may not be adopted in a bid to maintain rules.(Olejniczak and Yasuyuki, 2014) Do some organizations have a more difficult time with this than others Yes. Some organizations have more difficult time with these obstacles than others. Organizations that deals with a dynamic market will struggle more with bureaucratic nature of their organization to adapt to dynamism of the market. What kinds of goals or problems do they deal with These organizations face problems that are more fluid or dynamic thus keeping up with these changes presents a challenge as the organizations needs to maintain set standards of rules without bending them to conform to formalization at the same time the environment (i.e. market) they are dealing with is more dynamic than others. (Olejniczak and Yasuyuki, 2014) 3. The term common moral purpose as used by Barnard is good way to describe what happens in work organizations. There are a number of reasons for this assertion. The organizations do not work in isolation. It is characterized by number components that individually make something work for the organizations. These components interrelate with one another to produce the end results expected by the organization. The organization has to strike a balance with both external environment and the employees. By external environment this means that the organization needs to conform with authority rules for example that is striking a balance or attaining the state of equilibrium. Without this work organization can not function effectively. (Schwab, 1975) The employees work organization equilibrium is also an aspect that describe the organizations. The employee has to get that sense of being valued and compensated well so as to provide best efforts towards achieving the common goal of the organization. Barnard also asserts that employees work best for the company when they are induced to do so. The inducement here means motivated by way of paying out bonus or increasing the employee earnings from the work organizations. Why or why not Yes. Work organizations do practice above assertions by Barnard in that they conform to the laws which as external environment by obtaining necessary permits and licenses and creating the equilibrium that is required for effective functioning of the work organizations. The organizations also motivate the employees by way of recognizing good performance and yearly bonuses to the workforce in a bid to induce or motivate them to put in maximum efforts at their work. Therefore this shows that Barnards common moral purpose is a good way to describe work organizations. (Schwab, 1975) 4. The transformation of organizations has lead to a number of paradoxes. The adoption of both economies of scale and economies of scope mean that the organization has to adapt in certain way with regard to organizing and managing the entity. Increasing the size of production for a certain product and increasing the number products to be produced calls for the management of the demand in the market and production level of each product to avoid over production. The products that get more market share needs to be produced to match the demand while those with low demand should corresponding production rate. Organizations want to specialize yet be flexible. For this the organization has to take into account factors that ensure the quality of the product is not compromised while at the same time it can be able to adapt to a new product as the situation or the out side environment demand. The production line in the case of a manufacturing organization should be flexible that can adapt to changes easily. Why they all are desired Both sets of paradoxes are important or are desired in that it helps the company to have sound financial standing thus improving the stability of the organization that can withstand various economic conditions and become more sustainable. (Belloc, 1967) How can they peacefully co-exist They can all peacefully co-exist if the organization can find equilibrium or balance so that the organization doesnt experience inefficiencies that will derail it due to over emphasis on one part (i.e. products) and under emphasis on the other. References Belloc, H. (1967). On. Freeport, N.Y.: Books for Libraries Press. Daft, R. (2016). Organization theory design. New York: Cengage Learning. This article explains how various organizations theories and design are likely to shape an organization depending the most dominant theory the organization practices. Hales, C. (2001). Organisational Futures: e-Cultures, N-forms, M-forms or Bureaucracies? Business Strategy Review, 12(3), pp.110 - 120. The books explore the features of an organization and how each feature affects success of the organization. Hauswirth, I. (2006). Effective and Efficient Organisations?. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag Heidelberg. The book explores ways at which an organization can be effective and efficient in its operation linking the certain features of an organization like culture and how the organization performs Olejniczak, T. and Yasuyuki, K. (2014). Bureaucracy and Culture: Toward Two-Factor Theory of Organizational Control. Management and Business Administration. Central Europe, 22(1), pp.70-87 This book by Olejniczak and Yasuyuki provide deep insights into the bureaucracy and culture relevant to the question in that it highlights challenges various organizations face in a bid to make best decisions. O?rtenblad, A., Trehan, K. and Putnam, L. (2017). Exploring Morgan's metaphors. Los Angeles: SAGE. This article explores the Morgans metaphors in abroad way that covers which metaphors were applicable before Taylors assertions in scientific management of organizations. Schwab, D. (1975). Book Review: Organizational Behavior: The Basic Barnard: An Introduction to Chester I. Barnard and His Theories of Organization and ManagementThe Basic Barnard: An Introduction to Chester I. Barnard and His Theories of Organization and Management. By WolfWilliam B., Ithaca: New York State School of Industrial and Labor Relations, Cornell University, 1974. viii, 140 pp. ILR Review, 29(1), pp.100-105. This book review highlights Barnards assertions in theories of organizations and management and whether the common moral purpose can be used to describe what happens in the organizations.

Transportation, Safety and Accidents free essay sample

This paper discusses the technological advances and newly developed safety systems for all methods of transportation. This paper provides an extensive background and analysis of transportation methods and their supporting systems and services on a national, regional and local basis. The author stresses the importance of safety and that as technology continues to advance, new safety systems and standards will continue to develop. Table of Contents Introduction History of Transportation Transportation Today Safety Devices Department of Transportation Travel on Land Travel by Ship Air Travel Railroad Travel Keeping Transportation Safe Bibliography and Endnotes Today, there is a vast array of transportation choices, commercial airliners, trains, automobiles, subways, buses, motorcycles, motor homes, ships, boats, or bicycles. Depending on the amount of time and money we want to spend, there are many choices involved in travel. But with these increased means of travel come change in global markets, environmental challenges, transnational security threats and a communication and information revolution. We will write a custom essay sample on Transportation, Safety and Accidents or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Every mode of transportation has individual risks, safety issues, laws, and problems. And each mode of transportation has agencies that deal with them.