Risk and Return Past and Prologue Essay Example

Hazard and Return: Past and Prologue Essay Section 05 RISK AND RETURN: PAST AND PROLOGUE 1. The 1% VaR will be not exactly - 30%. As percentile or likelihood ofa return decreases so does the greatness of that arrival. Accordingly, a 1 percentile likelihood will deliver a littler VaR than a 5 percentile likelihood. 2. The geometric return speaks to an exacerbating development number and will misleadingly expand the yearly execution of the portfolio. 3. No. Since all things are introduced in ostensible figures, the information ought to likewise utilize ostensible information. 4. Diminishing. Normally, standard deviation surpasses return. Therefore, an underestimation f 4% in each will falsely diminish the arrival per unit of hazard. To come back to the correct hazard return relationship the portfolio should diminish the measure of hazard free ventures. 5. Utilizing Equation 5. 6, we can compute the mean of the HPR as: E(r) = (0. 3 C] 0. 44) + (0. 4 0. 14) + [0. 3 (- 0. 16)] = 0. 14 or utilizing Equation 5. 7, we can ascertain the difference as: var(r) = 02 = [0. 3 + [0. 4 + [0. 3 (- 0. 16-0. 14)2] - 0. 054 Taking the square foundation of the difference, we get SD(r) = 0 = 23. 24% = 0. 2324 or 6. We utilize the beneath condition to compute the holding time frame return of each cenario: HPR = a. The holding time frame returns for the three situations are: Boom: = Normal: (43-40+ Recession: (34-40+0. 0)/40 = - 0. 1375 = - 13. 75% E(HPR) = [(1/3) 0. 30] + [(1/3) 0. 10] + [(1/3) (- 0. 1375)] - 0. 0875 or 8. 75% var(HPR) = [(1/3) (0. 30 0. 0875)2] + [(1/3) (0. 10 0. 0875)2] + [(1/3) (- 0. 1375 0. 0875)2] = 0. 031979 SD(r) = 0. 1788 or 17. 88% = 0. 5 017. 88% = 8. 94% 7. a. Time-weighted normal profits are based for ye ar-by-year paces of return. Year Return = [(Capital gains + Dividend)/Price] 2010-2011 (110-100 + or 14. 00% 2011-2012 (90-110 + - 0. 1455 or - 14. 5% 2012-2013 (95-90+4)/90-0. 10 or 10. 00% Arithmetic mean: [0. 14 + (- 0. 1455) + 0. 10]/3 = 0. 0315 or 3. 5% Geometnc mean: = 0. 0233 or 2. 33% b. Date 111/20101/1/2011 1/1/20121/112013 Net income - 300 - 208 110 396 Time Net Cash stream Explanation O - 300 Purchase of three offers at $100 per share 1 - 208 Purchase of two offers at $110, in addition to profit salary on three offers held 2 110 Dividends on five offers, in addition to offer of one offer at $90 3 396 Dividends on four offers, in addition to offer of four offers at $95 per share The dollar-weighted return is the inward pace of return that sets the aggregate of the detest estimation of each net income to zero: 0=-$300 ++ + Dollar-weighted return = Internal pace of return = 8. . Given that A = 4 and the anticipated standard deviation of the market return = 20%, we can utili ze the underneath condition to illuminate for the normal market chance premium: A = 4 † E(rM) AOM2 = 4 (0. 20)0 = 0. 16 or b. understand E(rM) 0. 09 = AOM2 = A (0. 20)0 , we can get A = 0. 09/0. 04 = 2. 25 c. Expanded hazard resistance implies diminished hazard avoidance (A), which brings about a decrease in chance premiums. 9. From Table 5. 4, we find that for the period 1926 2010, the mean overabundance return for 00 over T-charges 7. 98%. 10. We will compose a custom exposition test on Risk and Return: Past and Prologue explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Risk and Return: Past and Prologue explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Risk and Return: Past and Prologue explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer To respond to this inquiry with the information gave in the course book, we look into the genuine returns of the enormous stocks, little stocks, and Treasury Bonds for 1926-2010 from Table 5. 2, and the genuine pace of return of T-Bills in a similar period from Table 5. 3: Total Real Return Geometric Average Large Stocks: 6. 43% little stocks: 8. 54% Long-Term T-Bonds: 2. 06% Total Real Return Arithmetic Average Large Stocks: 8. 00% little stocks: 13. 91% Long-Term T-Bonds: 1 . 76% T-Bills: 0. 68% (Table 5. 3) 11. a. The normal income is: (0. 5 $50,000) + (0. $100,000 With a nsk remium of 10%, the necessary pace of return is 15%. In this way, on the off chance that the estimation of the portfolio is X, at that point, so as to procure a 15% anticipated return: unraveling x 00(1 + 0. 15) = $100,000, we get x = $86,957 b. In the event that the portfolio is bought at $86,957, and the normal result is $100,000, at that point the normal pace of return, E(r), is: The portfolio cost is set t o liken the normal come back with the necessary pace of return. c. In the event that the hazard premium over T-bills is currently 15%, at that point the necessary return is: The estimation of the portfolio (X) must satisfy:x 00(1 + 0. 20) = $100, OOO X = $83333 d. For a given expected income, portfolios that order more serious hazard premiums must sell at lower costs. The additional rebate in the price tag from the normal worth is to remunerate the speculator for bearing extra hazard. 12. a. Assigning 70% of the capital in the hazardous portfolio P, and 30% in chance free resource, the customer has a normal profit for the total portfolio determined by including the normal return of the dangerous extent (y) and the normal return of the extent (1 y) of the hazard free speculation: E(rC) = y 0 E(rP) + (1 - y) 0 rf = (0. 7 0. 17) + (0. 3 0. 07) = 0. or then again every year The standard deviation of the portfolio approaches the standard deviation of the dangerous reserve times the part of the total portfolio put resources into the hazardous store: DC = y OOP = 0. 7 0. 27 = 0. 189 or 18. 9% every year b. The venture extents of the customers by and large portfolio can be determined by the extent of dangerous portfolio in the total portfolio times th e extent Security Investment Proportions T-Bills 30. 0% stock A stock B stockC 0. 7040% = 28. 0% c. We figure the prize to-changeability proportion (Sharpe proportion) utilizing Equation 5. 14. For the hazardous portfolio: s For the customers generally portfolio: 3. = 0. 704 a. - Y)orf 0. 17+(1 - Y) 0. 07 = 0. 15 or every year Solving for y, we get y = 0. 8 Therefore, so as to accomplish a normal pace of return of 1 5%, the customer must put 80% of complete assets in the unsafe portfolio and 20% in T-bills. the extent of dangerous resource in the entire portfolio times the extent assigned in each stock. Security Stock A stock C Investment Proportions 20. 0% 0. 8 21 0. 8 0 = 26. 4% 0. 8 = 32. 0% d. The standard deviation of the total portfolio is the standard deviation of the dangerous portfolio times the part of the portfolio put resources into the unsafe resource: DC = y 0. 8 0. 27 = 0. 216 or 21. % every year 14. a. Standard deviation of the total portfolio= DC = y 0. 27 If the cu stomer needs the standard deviation to be equivalent or under 20%, at that point: y = (0. 20/0. 27) = 0. 7407 = 74. 07% b. +0. 7407 0. 10 15. a. Slant of the CML = 0. 24 See the chart underneath: = 0. 1441 or 14. 41% b. Your reserve permits a speculator to accomplish a higher anticipated pace of return for some random standard deviation than would an aloof system, I. e. , a higher anticipated return for some random degree of hazard. 16. a. With 70% of his cash in your assets portfolio, the customer has a normal pace of eturn of 14% every year and a standard deviation of 18. % every year. In the event that he moves that cash to the latent portfolio (which has a normal pace of return of 13% and standard deviation of 25%), his general expected return and standard deviation would become: E(rc) = rf+ 0. 7 rn For this situation, 7% and E(rM) = 13%. Thusly: E(rc) = 0. 07 + (0. 7 0. 06) = 0. 112 or 11. 2% The standard deviation of the total portfolio utilizing the uninvolved portfolio would be: OC = 0. 7 00M = 0. 7 0. 25 = 0. 175 or 17. 5% Therefore, the move involves a decrease in the mean from 14% to 1. 2% and a decrease in he standard deviation from 18. 9% to 17. 5%. Since both mean return and standard deviation fall, it isn't yet evident whether the move is valuable. The disservice of the move is clear from the way that, if your customer is eager to acknowledge a normal profit for his complete arrangement of 1. 2%, he can accomplish that arrival with a lower standard deviation utilizing your store portfolio instead of the uninvolved portfolio. To accomplish an objective mean of 1. 2%, we initially compose the mean of the total portfolio as a component of the extents put resources into your reserve portfolio, y: + y (17% = + ooy Because our objective is E(rC) = 1. %, the extent that must be put resources into your store is resolved as follows: 11. 2% = + ooy = 0. 42 The standard deviation of the portfolio would be: oc = y 0 = 0. 42 0 = 11. 34% Thus, by utilizing your portfolio, a similar 1. 2% expected pace of return can be accomplished with a standard deviation of just 1. 34% instead of the standard deviation of 17. 5% utilizing the uninvolved p ortfolio. b. The charge would diminish the prize to-changeability proportion, I. e. , the slant of the CAL. Customers will be impassive between your reserve and the uninvolved portfolio if the incline of Incline of CAL with charge = Slope of CML (which requires no expense) = Setting these slants equivalent and fathoming for f: 0. 24 = 6. 48% 6. 48% = 3. 52% every year 17. Expecting no adjustment in tastes, that is, an unaltered hazard avoidance, financial specialists seeing higher hazard will request a higher hazard premium to hold a similar portfolio they held previously. In the event that we accept that the hazard free rate is unaffected, the expansion in the hazard premium would require a higher expected pace of return in the value showcase. 18. Expected return for your store = T-charge rate + chance premium = 6% + 10% = 16% Expected return of customers in general portfolio = (0. 16%) + (0. 4 0 6%) = 12% Standard deviation of customers in general portfolio = 0. 6 0 14% = 8. 4% 19. Award to unpredictability proportion = 0. 7143 20. Abundance Return (%) a. In three out of four time periods introduced, little stocks give more awful proportions than enormous stocks. b. Little stocks s how a declining pattern in chance, yet the decrease isn't steady. 21 . For geometric genuine returns, we take the geometric normal return and the genuine geometric return information from Table 5. 2 and afterward compute the swelling in each time period utilizing the condition: Infl

Career in Business Management Personal Statement

Vocation in Business Management - Personal Statement Example Also, these are only the individuals who have dropped of secondary school, not to discuss the other people who have graduated with immaculate IT qualifications and chomping at the bit to go. The corporate world was searching for them with great enthusiasm and honorary pathway gathering! Other than a degree in expressions, an extra degree in streams such a business the executives is imperative to vocation prospects nowadays. Business the board understudies gain work in wide scope of professions in money, advertising, human asset, the travel industry, neighborliness, and so on at national and global levels. (Worldwide Business Management). I am helped to remember my own unnoticeable unassuming community foundation. The school I went to obliged generally understudies from the lower center pay bunch families. The closest and the main school in close region was on the edges of the closest city which was around 8 kilometers from my home. In any case, the school was very much run and the understudies fantasized becoming showbiz royalty one day. I was among the young ladies who exceeded expectations at considers and perpetually consistently accomplished great outcomes. On account of my folks who imparted the correct qualities and propensities in me. At that point there were some dear companions who developed with me and together we came out of school with trees and exclusive requirements. Presently I am not content with a degree. I need to practice. ... On account of my folks who imparted the correct qualities and propensities in me. At that point there were some dear companions who developed with me and together we came out of school with shrubs and elevated requirements. Presently I am not content with a degree. I need to practice. I am happy the schedules nowadays are outfitted towards specialization. I generally knew in my heart that administration was for me. Planning, arranging and overseeing consistently spoke to me and I have just taken in a portion of the essentials in this stream when I was in the optional area. Rivalry is in my blood. I am equipped for turning on the entirety of my inward characteristics to accomplish the most ideal outcomes. I have confidence in initiating the better and nobler parts of ones characteristics in seeking after any objective. The advancement we see today isn't the consequence of wars and political may. Or maybe, it is the aftereffect of careful research and way of reason followed by men of logical vision and writing virtuoso. The course that I am going to take will take me 3 years to finish in the event that I do it full time, or 4 years sandwich.(Course Information). Convince a concurring and educated crowd to act (for what reason is it sufficiently pressing to act). Request to ethos by introducing and tending to counterarguments or warrants. A decent armed force general will consistently observe before effectively entering a combat area. He knows there is a decent arrangement of activity to follow in the days, months and perhaps years to come. Subsequently, he will make arrangements by getting the total picture about the hostile area and ability. (John Ellison Kahn et al). Since I am at the limit of a profession, I am resolved to take a crack at a decent presumed school for a 3 years or 4 years course in International Business Management. Having labored for a year in a mega

Akron

Akron Akron ak ´r?n [key], city (1990 pop. 223,019), seat of Summit co., NE Ohio, on the Little Cuyahoga River; inc. 1865. Once the heart of the nation's rubber industry, Akron still contains the headquarters of some rubber corporations and chemical and polymer corporations. Its many manufactures range from fishing tackle to plastics, missiles, rubber, and heavy machinery. The Ohio and Erie Canal (opened 1827) and later the railroad spurred the city's growth. The first rubber plant was established in 1870. Focused on tire production, Akron's rubber industry grew and declined with Detroit's automobile industry; by the mid-1980s virtually all the tire plants had shut down. The city is home to the Univ. of Akron, the Institute of Rubber Research, an art institute, a music center, and a symphony orchestra. Of note are a giant airdock for blimpsâ€"one of the world's largest buildings without inner supportsâ€"and the annual Soapbox Derby. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyrigh t © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography

U.S. Constitution Article I, Section 9 What It Means

Article 1, Section 9 of the U.S. Constitution places limits on the powers of Congress, the Legislative Branch. These restrictions include those on limiting the slave trade, suspending civil and legal protections of citizens, apportionment of direct taxes, and granting titles of nobility. It also prevents government employees and officials from accepting foreign gifts and titles, known as emoluments. Article I - The Legislative Branch - Section 9 Clause 1, Importation of Slaves Clause 1: The Migration or Importation of such Persons as any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the Year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a Tax or duty may be imposed on such Importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each Person. Explanation: This clause relates to the slave trade. It prevented Congress from restricting the importation of slaves before 1808. It did allow Congress to levy a duty of up to 10 dollars for each slave. In 1807, the international slave trade was blocked and no more slaves were allowed to be imported legally into the United States. Slavery was still legal, however, within the United States until the end of the Civil War and the passage of the 13th Amendment in 1865. Clause 2, Habeas Corpus Clause 2: The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it. Explanation:  Habeas corpus is the right to be held in jail only if there are specific, legitimate charges filed against you in court. A person cant be detained indefinitely without legal process. This was suspended during the Civil War and for detainees in the War on Terror held at Guantanamo Bay. Clause 3, Bills of Attainder and Ex Post Facto Laws Clause 3: No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed. Explanation: A bill of attainder is a way that a legislature acts as a judge and jury, declaring that a person or group of people are guilty of a crime and stating the punishment. An ex post facto law criminalizes acts retroactively, allowing people to be prosecuted for acts that werent illegal at the time they did them. Clause 4-7, Taxes and Congressional Spending Clause 4: No Capitation, or other direct, Tax shall be laid, unless in Proportion to the Census or Enumeration herein before directed to be taken. Clause 5: No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported from any State. Clause 6: No Preference shall be given by any Regulation of Commerce or Revenue to the Ports of one State over those of another: nor shall Vessels bound to, or from, one State, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay Duties in another. Clause 7: No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law; and a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall be published from time to time. Explanation:  These clauses set limits on how taxes can be levied. Originally, an income tax would not have been allowed, but this was authorized by the 16th Amendment in 1913. These clauses prevent taxes from being levied on trade between states. Congress must pass tax legislation to spend the public money and they must show how they have spent the money. Clause 8, Titles of Nobility and Emoluments Clause 8: No Title of Nobility shall be granted by the United States: And no Person holding any Office of Profit or Trust under them, shall, without the Consent of the Congress, accept of any present, Emolument, Office, or Title, of any kind whatever, from any King, Prince, or foreign State. Explanation:  Congress cant make you a Duke, Earl, or even a Marquis. If you are a civil servant or elected official, you cant accept anything from a foreign government or official, including an honorary title or an office. This clause prevents any government official from receiving foreign gifts without the permission of Congress. What are Emoluments? Clause 8, the so-called â€Å"Emoluments Clause,† specifies that no elected or appointed U.S. government official—including the president of the United States—may accept payments from foreign governments during their terms in office. The Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines emoluments as â€Å"returns arising from office or employment usually in the form of compensation or perquisites.† Constitutional scholars suggest the Emoluments Clause was added to prevent American ambassadors of the 1700s, living abroad from being influenced or corrupted by gifts from wealthy European powers. Past examples of violations of the Emoluments Clause by some of America’s Founding Fathers include Benjamin Franklin’s acceptance of diamond-covered snuffbox from the King of France and John Jay’s acceptance of a purebred stallion from the King of Spain.

The Poverty Of African People From Poverty Imprisonment

Soon, after the liberation in 1961, Tanzania, created new policies intended to liberate people from poverty imprisonment. The inspired goal was to move people away from distant, remote locations of the country to designated village areas (villagelization), where services such that schools, clinics, piped water, roads, and adult education would easily be available to citizens. The villagelization blueprint famous in Kiswahili as vijiji vya ujmaaa linked with African communal life or African socialism (Hope, 2007; Major and Muhvihill, 2009). However, during this process, the country, like other parts of Africa, suffered from hunger as a result of a severe drought, together with the previous mention internal and external forces and once again acerbated poverty. Perhaps, Jeffrey Sachs narrates it precisely, that the African continent suffered from â€Å"negative observation and the stereotype that left millions of disadvantaged in the excessive suffering. African nations, (including Ta nzania) although, they worked tirelessly, they continue to face common obstructions of â€Å" poverty, disease, ecological crisis, geopolitical neglect or worse† (Sachs, 2005 p. 207; Kotler Lee, 2009), including global market limitation, and internal problems. Despite obstacles, Tanzania risked to navigate from such global and national tremors, which according to (Major and Muhvihill, 2009), the country under Nyerere leadership utilized Education for Self-Reliance (ESR) as a tool for navigation.Show MoreRelatedEssay about The Death Penalty Deters Crime and Saves Lives1142 Words   |  5 PagesThis, however, is not true. Capital punishment should be legal because it is moral, by not allowing criminals to roam the streets once again. It does not discriminate against those of color or the poor, and is actually less expensive than life imprisonment. The most important reason why the death penalty should be legal is because it deters crime. 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What You Need to Do About Gre Sample Issue Essay Topics Before It Is Too Late

What You Need to Do About Gre Sample Issue Essay Topics Before It Is Too Late In order to acquire the most effective all-round preparation including practice in the four language skills of listening, speaking, reading and writing, it is advisable to work with different candidates in a conventional classroom atmosphere. So, it's safe to say that should you write no less than a few sentences in English, you will receive a score of 1.0. ETS has not spoken out about the perfect length of an essay, and there is absolutely no word on the term limit as such. The listening test is provided first. One more thing you must concentrate on is your vocabulary. Between grammar and fashion, grammar is significantly simpler to improve. The essay is just one of the most crucial elements of a university application. At this time you must understand that writing a great gre essay is dependent on the sort of topic you opt for, so you've got to consider certain things before you decide on a topic. Get the Scoop on Gre Sample Issue Essay Topics Before You're Too Late An alternate to GRE prep courses is GRE tutoring, which can help you when you would rather one-on-one guidance or want to concentrate on a particular subject of the test. Candidates write all answers for the initial 3 sections in a particular booklet that's collected by the examination invigilator at the conclusion of the test. Most students believe that essay length the only important component in regards to AWA scoring. College students should base their selection of an area of study on the access to work in that area. Both test your capacity to compose a cogent thesis statement that you need to defend over the plan of many paragraphs. The point here is to understand what you're going to write before writing it. Essentially, issue essay is all about the way that you perceive the given topic. Also a reminder that you could work with me if you're searching for issue essay feedback. A counter argument for my second premise is the fact that it is much too specific to get any type of relevance in the topic of life boat ethics. Even if it's accurate, it may force you to seem whiny and not able to accept responsibility for your actions. The scenario will always be shown in the exact form. You won't be requested to write about a particular topic so much as you'll be requested to respond to a particular scenario. The Gre Sample Issue Essay Topics Game However you get ready for the essays, make sure you at least write a couple of each type before you take the actual GRE. Potential essay topics y ou could have on the day of your GRE are on the ETS site, so technically there aren't any surprises if you do your homework! Since you may see, the longer the essay, the greater the grades. Students should always question what they're taught rather than accepting it passively. The perfect way to find out how to find a high Analytical Writing score is to have a look at a GRE essay sample, but doing so with no guidance can be overwhelming. You may see that many Issue Essay prompts make statements that are tough to completely support. The grading happens instantaneously, and when you submit your essay, you will get a composite AWA score, together with a variety of metrics on which your essay was graded. Nowadays you know what it requires to receive an ideal essay score. At this time you've got to be in a position to understand the differences between both topics you'll be presented with. The very first part of the essay we'll analyze is the way that it succeeds in identifying and examining the pieces of the argument that relate to the job. You may then practice replicating successful connections between ideas in your practice essays. Now, a lot of people don't know the best ways of tackling gre essay topics. To practice writing awa essays all you want to do is. Provided that you use sensible reasoning, appropriate grammar and provided that it is possible to defend your point intelligently and utilize precise vocabulary to convey meaning effectively, you ought to be alright. There is, in addition, the problem of grammar. You must also check at the grammar and language.

MARINO FALIERO Analysis Essay Example For Students

MARINO FALIERO Analysis Essay A monologue from the play by Lord Byron NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from Lord Byron: Six Plays. Lord Byron. Los Angeles: Black Box Press, 2007. DOGE: Ye, though you know and feel our mutual massOf many wrongs, even ye are ignorantWhat fatal poison to the springs of Life,To human ties, and all thats good and dear,Lurks in the present institutes of Venice:All these men were my friends; I loved them, theyRequited honourably my regards;We served and fought; we smiled and wept in concert;We revelled or we sorrowed side by side;We made alliances of blood and marriage;We grew in years and honours fairly,—tillTheir own desire, not my ambition, madeThem choose me for their Prince, and then farewell!Farewell all social memory! all thoughtsIn common! and sweet bonds which link old friendships,When the survivors of long years and actions,Which now belong to history, soothe the daysWhich yet remain by treasuring each other,And never meet, but each beholds the mirrorOf half a century on his brothers brow,And sees a hundred beings, now in earth,Flit round them whispering of the days gone by,And seeming not all dead, as long as twoOf the brave, joyous, reckless, glorious band,Which once were one and many, still retainA breath to sigh for them, a tongue to speakOf deeds that else were silent, save on marble——From the hour they made me Doge, the Doge they made me—Farewell the past! I died to all that had been,Or rather they to me: no friends, no kindness,No privacy of life—all were cut off:They came not near me—such approach gave umbrage;They could not love me—such was not the law;They thwarted me—twas the states policy;They baffled me—twas a patricians duty;They wronged me, for such was to right the state;They could not right me—that would give suspicion;So that I was a slave to my own subjects;So that I was a foe to my own friends;Begirt with spies for guards, with robes for power,With pomp for freedom, gaolers for a council,Inquisitors for friends, and Hell for life!I had only one fount of quiet left,And that they poisoned! My pure household godsWe re shivered on my hearth, and oer their shrineSate grinning Ribaldry, and sneering Scorn.I had borne all—it hurt me, but I bore it—Till this last running over of the cupOf bitterness—until this last loud insult,Not only unredressed, but sanctioned; then,And thus, I cast all further feelings from me—The feelings which they crushed for me, long, longBefore, even in their oath of false allegiance!Even in that very hour and vow, they abjuredTheir friend and made a Sovereign, as boys makePlaythings, to do their pleasure—and be broken!I from that hour have seen but SenatorsIn dark suspicious conflict with the Doge,Brooding with him in mutual hate and fear;They dreading he should snatch the tyrannyFrom out their grasp, and he abhorring tyrants.To me, then, these men have no private life,Nor claim to ties they have cut off from others;As Senators for arbitrary actsAmenable, I look on them—as suchLet them be dealt upon.

Lady Anne Clifford

Introduction Lady Anne Clifford’s lineage had a profound influence on her life course. She was the only child of Countess Margaret Russell and George Clifford. Anne’s father was the Earl of Cumberland; the Clifford properties were under his name, and he had the right to bequeath them to whomever he saw fit.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Lady Anne Clifford specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, when making this decision, he had to follow an entail that kept the family property in the line of the oldest heir. In the year 1605, the Earl passed away and unjustly willed the family estate to his brother and nephew. It was this injustice that strengthened Lady Anne’s resolve to fight for her rights. People with the greatest impact Anne’s mother had the greatest influence on her life. Shortly after the Earl of Cumberland’s death in 1605, Margaret made claims on her daughter’ s behalf for the family estate. This set the pace for what was to follow when Anne grew older. Although the court rejected those pleas in 1606, it soon upturned this decision in 1607 following Margaret’s work. She looked up the archival records of the Clifford family and made the case for Anne’s right to inherit the property. Regardless of the judges’ decision, Lady Anne’s uncle was unrelenting in his claim over the estates; he refused to hand them over to Anne. It was Margaret’s strong resolve that set the pace for what her daughter would eventually take up during her entire life (Williamson 41). Margaret stood by her daughter when all other parties opposed her. It was her mother who strengthened her resolve to fight the injustice that her father had accorded to her (Clifford 59). This parent emphasized the fact that her husband had broken the entail. She also spoke candidly to her daughter by telling her the realities of the situation, and her ch ances of success. At the time, her father had willed the property to his brother and nephew if the earl’s brother died. Throughout her life, Lady Anne’s cousin was only a few younger than her. Further, his father was alive at the time when the lady was contesting the will. It was highly unlikely that she would ever own the lands if she followed her father’s will. Lady Anne’s mother made these intricacies quite clear to her daughter and supported her throughout the battles.Advertising Looking for essay on british literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When Lady Anne’s mother passed away, Anne was deeply devastated by the death. She felt that the only person who supported her life’s quest was gone. Additionally, she emphasized the great values that her mother had instilled in her. In fact, Lady Anne asserted that her mother’s influence was of much greater importance to her th an any nobility or lineage that other people desired. This explains why Anne went through great trouble to arrange for her mother’s burial. Several entries in her diaries reveal the pride that she had in her lineage. She documented even the most trivial deeds demonstrated by her kinsmen. It was her mother who initially informed her about this history. However, Anne did a lot of personal research regarding this issue, as well. Her mother ignited a passion for Westmorland during her early days. She was her educator and primary source of information regarding their family (Clifford 9). Even during the last portion of her journey, she was still able to instill a sense of pride in the land. Generally, Lady Anne’s life was influenced by her parents. In legal terms, she descended from a line of wealthy Clifford’s, most of who controlled a series of castles in the kingdom. Her parents’ decision to marry each other set the stage for what her life would become in t he future. Nonetheless, the Lord of Cumberland, Anne’s father, was an extravagant man whose voyages left his family in profound debt. It appears that this senior Clifford made the decision to will his brother and nephew prior to his death because of these problems. He felt that his brother was wealthy enough to remove the Clifford properties from debt. Alternatively, it could be his bias towards female heirs that caused him to overlook his daughter in the will. Whichever the reason, the Earl of Cumberland affected his child’s life course by making a life-altering decision during her childhood.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Lady Anne Clifford specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Lady Anne’s husbands had less impact on her life than did her parents. This partly stems from the nature of the relationship she had with them as well as the fact that they were two in number. Her first husband, Lord Do rset, felt that his wife was a lovable woman, but she lost her sense of reason whenever she focused on the family property (Clifford 33). Dorset cared little for the rich history and heritage of Lady Clifford’s family. He felt that it was troublesome to manage properties as tenants were stubborn and claimants to the properties were relentless. Instead, he felt that his wife ought to reach a compromise that would grant her vast sums of money in exchange for her birthright. It is for this reason that her husband became a negative force in her life. The Court of Commons held that all the lands that belonged to Lady Anne’s father were to be given to her uncle and cousin. Her husband tried to persuade her to abide by these rulings. Unlike her mother, who supported her and urged her to fight for her birthright, her husband sided with her foes in this matter (Williamson 12). He merely wanted a speedy conclusion to the dispute and possibly some monetary rewards. It was only th rough Lady Anne’s stubbornness that the Court failed to exert its decision upon her. She refused to sign the award and affirmed that the decision was not binding to her. On the 1st of January 1616, Lady Anne met the Archbishop of Canterbury. He tried as much as possible to persuade her to agree to the court’s decision. However, the Lady was adamant with regard to the matter. The clergyman came with a series of Lords and noblemen to convince her to sign the award. After much convincing, Lady Anne decided that she would buy more time by seeking counsel from her mother. She had to do this by the 22nd of March. At the time, Lord Dorset made it clear that she had to sign the award. He used all manner of tactics to get her to make this decision. For instance, on their way to her mother’s location, Westmoreland, her husband got into a bitter argument with her and even abandoned her in the midst of the journey. During this same period of time, he instructed his servants to leave his wife alone unless she chose to go back to London (Williamson 78). It was only her mother’s support that got her through such difficult times. As a result, her first husband did little to impact her life positively. He was a force of regression in her attempt to reclaim her inheritance.Advertising Looking for essay on british literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The threats of separation from her husband caused this noblewoman to think twice about her businesses as she wanted to preserve the marriage. Nonetheless, her commitment to the family fortune supplanted loyalty to an unsupportive husband. Her second husband was just as toxic as the first. However, he had some legal use to her that her first husband did not. While Anne’s mother had a more personal impact on her daughter, her second husband provided a legal one. Society, at the time, placed disproportionate value on a man’s opinion. Consequently, even though Phillip Herbert, the Lord of Pembroke, subjected Anne to profound stress, his opinions protected her. It was widely acknowledged that Herbert was deeply involved in politics. He believed in the strength of parliament over that of the crown. Conversely, Anne leaned more towards the crown than parliament. It is her husband’s inclinations that caused parliament to keep away from her inheritance. Therefore, her se cond husband’s impact on her life was more of a statement than a daily factor. Conclusion Almost all the family members in Anne’s background opposed her right to inherit the family estates. Her father bequeathed it to someone else; her two husbands encouraged her to give it up while her uncle and nephew fought hard to own it. It was her mother who was the only family member that supported her claims. She initiated the battle in her early days and then nudged Anne on when all others opposed her. Therefore, it was her parent who had the greatest impact upon her. Works Cited Clifford, Anne. The diaries of Lady Anne Clifford. London: The History Press, 2003. Print. Williamson, George. Lady Anne Clifford, her life, letters and work. 2010. Web. This essay on Lady Anne Clifford was written and submitted by user Terrell Huber to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Head Injuries and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy

Head Injuries and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Methodology The focus of the proposed study is on patients suffering from head injuries and chronic traumatic encephalopathy, (CTE). Case control methodology is appropriate for this study.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Head Injuries and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To enhance efficiency, the case control methodology must assume a retrospective approach. This is because the proposed study involves examination of the existing cases of head injuries in the sampled population. The study will sample the general population and the patients within the outpatient departments of public hospitals. The case groups and the control groups are important. This is because they form the basis for assessments and comparisons (Sim Wright, 2002). The principle aim for this methodology is to determine the exposure risk of CTE associated with head injuries. Basically, the proposed study involves the comparison of the incidences of chronic traumatic encephalopathy. This must be done between the patients suffering from head injuries and the healthy individuals. Two groups are prominent in the proposed methodology. This includes the case group and the control group. Notably, the methodology requires a considerable time to attain desired results (Sim Wright, 2002). Generally, the proposed methodology is appropriate for the study.Advertising Looking for proposal on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Participants Both the case and control groups will be enrolled in the research. This explains why the proposed investigation is a case control study. The basic implication is that an empirically supported inclusion and exclusion criteria have to be adopted. The cases include those participants who have previously suffered head injuries. On the other hand, the control group shall comprise other patients without any history of head injuries. This participant combination forms a perfect case control set. The location of the proposed study has to be within selected public hospitals. Moreover, purposive sampling of all the participants within the selected hospitals is preferred. The process must also observe the ethical and legal provisions for research. For instance, issues of informed consent have to be adequately addressed (Walker Shostak, 2010). Purposive sampling helps to draw a representative sample. The sample size shall be calculated using the Fischer’s formulae. This is because the representative sample is projected to be less than ten thousand. Generally, this study will involve a highly constricted sample size. This is because the proposed study is retrospective and requires follow up for the enrolled participants. Thus, it is intensive and very costly within larger sample sizes. Research Design A combined approach for data collection is appropriate for the proposed study. In this approach, qualitative as well as quantitative strategies are applied during data collection process.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Head Injuries and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To enhance the process of triangulation, active clinical checkups and diagnosis are also necessary (Walker Shostak, 2010). This is because the researcher is able to detect the new cases of CTE amongst the enrolled participants. Qualitative and quantitative data management techniques shall be used in the study. Qualitative data analysis mainly entails discussions. However, quantitative data analysis involves the use of sophisticated data management tools such as SPSS. Additionally, it involves the use of bar graphs, pie charts, and basic statistical inferences. Instrumentation and Data Collection Plans Qualitative data gathering to be used in the proposed study entail the use of key i nformant interviews, focus groups and personal observations. Quantitative approaches involve the active administration of assessment tools such as semi structured questionnaires (Keilegom Wilson, 2011). Because the proposed study is a case control, person-to-person data collection is appropriate. This will automatically rules out the possibility of a mailed survey. Based on this projected sample, the participants shall report to the study sites. Consequently, the researcher shall conduct clinical monitoring, personal interviews, observations and focus groups during the reporting junctures. Proposed Analysis of the Data The results gotten from the proposed sample shall be varied. However, this depends on the inclination or objective of the data analysis (Fairclough, 2010). Results indicating the correlation between head injuries and occurrence of CTE are critical.Advertising Looking for proposal on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, factors that influence the occurrence of CTE amongst those with head injuries are also expected. Additionally, issues about the efficiency of the clinical management strategies in head injuries are likely to emanate. Determination and analysis of responses must be conducted through diverse mechanisms. For instance, similar causative factors linked to the occurrence of CTE must be grouped statistically. Analytically, such processes require sophisticated data management tools. Correlation and regression analysis include some of the statistical tools applicable in the proposed study (Keilegom Wilson, 2011). The proposed results will have significant implications on the rest of population. For instance, certain revelations might dispel existing beliefs. There are different variables that the researcher may include in the proposed study. The likelihood of occurrence of CTE and the incidences of head injuries are some of the variables. Observably, a correlation of the depend ent and independent variable may be drawn from the two outlined examples. â€Å"The occurrence or presence of head injury† remains as one of the crucial independent variable in the proposed study. Alternatively, â€Å"the occurrence of CTE† includes another vital dependent variable. Therefore, it can be stated that the occurrence of CTE depends on the presence of head injury amongst the participants in the proposed study. A more comprehensive and empirical decision making criteria must be used in the proposed study. In this context, various statistical inferences will have a critical role. Comparison of the confidence intervals of various correlating factors will influence most decisions and assumptions in the proposed study. This is appropriate for all correlating factors (Sim Wright, 2002). This process entails the application of statistical distribution tables in determining the confidence intervals. Advanced computer software for data management must be used to en hance the high level of data processing. Basically, this computer software must be applicable in the computation of various statistical inferences and associations. The SPSS program is most preferred for purposes of data analysis in the proposed study. Validity and reliability measurements are critical for all empirical investigations. Application of content validity ensures that an appropriate and representative sample size is utilized. In addition, criterion validity measurement when applied in the proposed study will help to test the precision of definite measures. Construct validity may preferably be used in the proposed study to confirm whether the variables measure the proposed constructs (Fairclough, 2010). For purposes of objectivity and reliance, measurements on the reliability of factors within a study are vital. In the proposed study, there are several measurement methodologies that might be applied for reliability. The determination and testing of reliability may automat ically occur when certain results are gotten. In such scenarios, these results must be tested for both internal and external consistency. There are other various applicable methodologies in measuring reliability. The proposed study might involve the use of inter-observer or test-retests as strategies for measuring reliability. These processes are important because they improve the quality of data. References Fairclough, D. (2010). Design and Analysis of Quality of Life Studies in Clinical Trials. New York, NY: CRC Press. Keilegom, I. Wilson, W. (2011). Exploring research frontiers in contemporary statistics and econometrics: A festschrift for LeÃŒ opold Simar. Berlin: Springer/Physica-Verlag. Sim, J. Wright, C. (2002). Research in health care: Concepts, designs and methods. Cheltenham: N. Thornes. Walker, A. Shostak, J. (2010). Common statistical methods for clinical research with SAS examples. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.

Project Mgmt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Project Mgmt - Essay Example having at least one member of senior management represented on a steering committee (Englund & Bucero, p.88) that meets periodically to review the direction, milestones, progress, and costs of the project. A concise summary should be presented periodically to the steering committee with a clear outline of any expectations from senior management. Another way is to agree on a project sponsor within the client organization who champions the cause of the project and liaises with all stakeholders. The sponsor is then given the responsibility to maintain the â€Å"upper management link† for the project (Englund & Bucero, p.10). Underlining this involvement is continued communication while taking care that problems that could be resolved at a lower level are not escalated to the steering committee or the senior management (Lester, 2007, p. 87). Clear statement of requirements: A clear definition of requirements for the project determines the planning and direction of the entire project. Requirements must be discussed and defined thoroughly and documented in a Requirements Specification Document. This is directly linked with the list of deliverables which then sets the direction the project will take (Cleland & Ireland, 2007, p. 271). It is also essential to keep in place change control procedures as some requirements may change over time and must again be clearly stated and incorporated into the project plan if accepted (Cleland & Ireland, 2007, p. 271). Accurate documentation of requirements results from interviews and discussions and must be signed off by all stakeholders reflecting the agreement on their clarity, accuracy, assumptions, and correlation with the deliverables. An engineer at Morton Thiokol suspected that the O-rings in the space shuttle Challenger’s solid rocket boosters were faulty and would not work at low temperatures below the threshold of 53 degrees. On the ill fated day of the disaster, the temperatures were expected to be 10 degrees below

The role of e-CRM Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The role of e-CRM - Research Proposal Example The research questions set out for the study may not be exhaustive however the proposed research is set out to find suitable answers to these questions that will in fact help the researcher to establish a case for e-CRM and its applications for small and medium in developing countries that are currently facing tougher competitive conditions not only from the local big corporations but also foreign companies that are seeking stronger position in these markets. E-CRM that has been defined in several ways is considered to be one of the most recent developments that have given a new insight to customer relationship management by companies. One of the definitions of e-CRM states that â€Å"E-CRM uses information technologies in order to support strategically the execution of CRM. E-CRM is a combination of hardware, software, process, applications, and management commitment designed to support an enterprise-wide CRM business strategy that will optimize customer satisfaction, customer loya lty, financial performance, etc†.The role of e-CRM is considered to be of high significance for SMEs as it allows such businesses to achieve efficiencies and competitive advantage. Business can use various internet functionalities to overcome hurdles in trade and adopt an approach that is not restricted geographically and can yield better opportunities for SMEs. The use of e-CRM is not simply recording consumer data over the internet but could also be used to provide real time personalization for interaction with customers.

Data Storage for Art Gallery

Data Storage for Art Gallery Executive Summary This assignment is based upon an Art Gallery. Being the system analyst and designer the art gallery is hopeful I demonstrate professionalism and propose a computerized cataloging system which they require. Currently the Art Gallery has 8 exhibition rooms where they display art items from around the word. These items dont only belong to the Art Gallery but by other owners, be it other galleries or private collectors. These items are borrowed to enhance the exhibition rooms which change exhibits every 3 months. The gallery is lead by a curator and 6 assistant curators to see about its daily operations. One of the major issues of the art gallery is the paper based form which they use to keep record exhibits in storage or in exhibition, in addition and borrowing and returning of items to their respective owners. There are several technologies available in which these paper forms can be transferred directly into the catalogue system which I am designing for the art gallery. These technologies would be reviewed and the best suited technology would be recommended for the transfer of the paper forms to the computerized system. In building this catalogue it is required that only the curator and assistant curators have read, write, edit and delete functions once the system is properly installed. These functions would be given with discretion to the user according to rank i.e. the curator would be given access to the entire catalogue system granting him permissions to all CRUD functions whereas the 6 assistant curators would have specific access and could only delete certain items in the system. This is required for security issues. In this proposal submitted must be a prototype interface so the users can see how the system would look before the interchange from the current paper based system to the computerized catalogue. The prototype would demonstrate the following functions: Adding a new item Editing item details Searching for the location of an item Listing items due for return This system would make the curator and assistant curators demonstrate efficiency and effectiveness in the art gallery as it is a step into the modern way or storing data which is used by many businesses worldwide. Unified Modelling Language, or UML, is a set of diagrammatic techniques, which are specifically tailored for object-oriented development, and which have become an industry standard for modelling object-oriented systems. In developing this cataloguing system for the art gallery, specialized diagrams would be used to model the system throughout the development process. These diagrams would represent part of the system but not the whole thing. Some of the diagrams that would be shown are: use case diagrams use case specifications activity diagrams class diagrams sequence diagrams state machines communication diagrams Use Case Diagrams Use case diagrams are description of the system from the users point of view. This would entail an actor, use case and system boundary. Three use case diagrams are presented to the art gallery to the show some functional requirements of the system but not the whole system. The art gallery system, maintaining the art list and returning the art item are demonstrated below. This use case describes all the functions carried out in the art gallery system which includes all the actors from the curator, assistant curator, owner and the public. Some of the use cases include maintain art list, maintain owner list, maintain exhibition, manage store rooms, borrow and returning of art. Maintain Art list is a function carried out by the curator. This use case was generated from the Art Gallery System use case in figure 1. It extends to describe the description of what the curator could do in the cataloguing system, which are CRUD functions. Returning of art is a function which the assistant curator performs. This use case was developed from the Art Gallery System in Figure 1 and gives a details listing of the function the assistant curator can perform. Use Case Specification The use case description is a narrative description of the functional requirements from the use case. It describes the use case goal and gives the description of what usually happens and the normal course of events. Following are the use case specifications from the previous use case diagrams. Use Case: Maintain Art List Actors: Curator Goal: Managing the entire art list Description: The curator logs into the system, the user name and password is verified. Access is granted and the curator continues to function. A search is carried out on a particular art ID to ensure it does not exist, once affirmed the curator may create the new record with all the art details required. Other functions granted to the curator are update, delete and print functions which follow along the same line. Once the curator is finished with the particular functions so desired he then logs out the system. Use Case: Maintain Art List Actors: Curator Goal: Managing the entire art list Overview: The curator logs into the system, the user name and password is verified. Access is granted and the curator continues to function. A search is carried out on a particular art ID to ensure it does not exist, once affirmed the curator may create the new record with all the art details required. Other functions granted to the curator are update, delete and print functions which follow along the same line. Once the curator is finished with the particular functions so desired he then logs out the system. Typical course of events: Alternative courses: Step 6 the art information may already exist in the system in the event of adding a new art item and may choose a new art ID. Use Case: Returning Art Actor: Assistant Curator Goal: To return art to respective owner Description: The assistant curator logs into the system, the user name and password is verified. A search is carried to verify all items that are due. The list is obtained and the assistant curator/s may contact the respective owner making them aware the due date is soon. The contract is ended for borrowing the art item, a report is printed and the art is returned. Once successful the assistant curator logs out. Use Case: Returning Art Actor: Assistant Curator Goal: To return art to respective owner Overview: The assistant curator logs into the system, the user name and password is verified. A search is carried to verify all items that are due. The list is obtained and the assistant curator/s may contact the respective owner making them aware the due date is soon. The contract is ended for borrowing the art item, a report is printed and the art is returned. Once successful the assistant curator logs out. Typical course of events: Description: The art gallery system includes the daily operations of the art gallery; this includes the maintaining art list, owners list and exhibition carried out by the curator. The assistant curators also maintain the exhibition rooms, the storage rooms and carry out the functions of borrowing and returning the art items. The owner of the art items are also included in the borrowing and returning of the items and viewing the exhibitions in conjunction with the public. Activity Diagrams Activity diagrams show the internal flow of control in a process. Activity diagrams can be used to represent sequence, selection and iteration and they can also illustrate where all activities can be carried out in parallel. According to IBM.com Activity diagrams are helpful in the following phases of a project: Before starting a project, you can create activity diagrams to model the most important workflows. During the requirements phase, you can create activity diagrams to illustrate the flow of events that the use cases describe. During the analysis and design phases, you can use activity diagrams to help define the behaviour of operations. This diagram shows the activity of events in swim lanes with the assistant curator, art list and the owner. It shows the process of the activity of events taking place in the returning process. Class Diagrams The class diagram is central to object-oriented analysis and design, it defines both the software architecture. It is used to model classes and the relationships between classes, and also to model higher-level structures comprising collections of classes grouped into packages. The class diagram appears through successive iterations at every stage in the development process. Designed are class diagrams illustrating the super class, hierarchy and attributes and operations for the proposed catalogue system for the Art Gallery. Transfer Methods Currently the Art Gallery stores and processes all information on paper based forms which outlines the name, location, owner, value of art, due date, etc. This system could cause problems in finding location of art items and generating due dates because of the frequent change in the exhibitions and in storage. The Art Gallery wishes to fully change this paper based style and produce a catalogue which would improve the efficiency and effectiveness in the work place that would entail the same information from the paper forms. The system would also grant permission to only the Curator and Assistant Curators to have read, write, edit and delete functions. In order to commence this catalogue all the paper forms must be transferred to the computerised system. There are many techniques in which this catalogue could be created, but only the most efficient one would be chosen as it is critical to implement this system. These techniques range from human data entry, document scanning and even voice recognition tools. The mentioned techniques and technologies would be compared and contrasted where only the best option would be chosen to perform the functions needed. Human Data Entry Beginning with the very basic and most popular way of entering information into a system is human data entry. This operation is fully dependant on the data entry clerk or in the Art Gallerys case the assistant curator to read the document and manually key information from the paper forms into the catalogue on the computer system. This process would be strenuous and lengthy as it is a fully manual process. There are only six assistant curators employed at the Art Gallery and this would be highly impossible to implement in a short period. The curators not only have to borrow and return art items, but mange the store rooms and exhibitions so time would be limited in such, to perform data entry. It is assumed that if this technique is chosen at least two of the assistant curators would perform the functions of keying the information into the system. Therefore this option is not best suited for the art gallery due to time constraint and the amount forms that would be re-processed even though a specific number of records wasnt given, it is alleged that there are a profound amount of documents to be entered into the catalogue. Advantages of Human Data Entry Method requires simple software systems and low-end computing hardware Less costly in the sense of hardware and software in addition depending on cost of manpower A large number of PCs would be available for use after census Disadvantages of Human Data Entry Requires more staff Time consuming compared to automated data entry Human errors may consist Standardisation of operations is difficult as performance may be individually dependant Optical Mark Recognition (OMR) According to tiscali.co.uk OMR is a technique that enables marks made in predetermined positions on a computer input form be detected optically and input to a computer. Optical Mark Recognition is used to process data entry form in various institutes and companies. This technology shines a light beam onto the document and is able to detect the marks filled from check boxes and fill-in fields on a printed form, and then the software interprets the output from the scan and translates it to the desired format, bearing in mind the use of a keyboard is nonexistent. OMR is best applicable for processing large number of hand filled forms which are needed to be processed quickly and accurately, which may include survey reply cards, questionnaires and ballots. The speed of OMR is very fast as it could process approximately 85-130 pages per minute and up to 4000 pages per hour depending on the type of machine used. Advantages of Optical Mark Recognition Improved data accuracy Faster than human data entry Capture speeds around 4000 forms per hour Equipment is relatively inexpensive as costs are predictable and defined It is simple to install and run Well established technology that is used by many countries Disadvantages of Optical Mark Recognition There are restrictions as to form design Restrictions on type of paper and ink OMR cannot recognise hand written or machine printed characters Images are not captured by scanners so electronic retrieval is not possible Response boxes should be correctly marked with appropriate pen or pencil The Art Gallery forms are hand written documents and OMR technology doesnt recognise hand written documents therefore this technology is at fault with the requirements of the Art Gallery. Even though this technology has many advantages and of its use worldwide, another type of technology must be considered for transferring the paper based forms to the computerized system. Optical Character Recognition According to wisegeek.com Optical Character recognition is the process of converting printed or hand written materials into text or word processing files that can be easily stored and edited. All OCR systems require hardware and software for analysing the images. A scanners is used to scan the text on a page, then breaks the fonts into a series of dots called bitmap in addition it reads most common font and can determine where lines start and stop. The bitmap is then translated to computer text. This technology fits the requirements of the Art Gallery as it is able to read hand written documents. There have been a lot of advances to this technology over the years as to improve the recognition of handwriting or fonts similar to hand writing. As we observed before in human data entry if we wanted to document one of the forms which is currently used by the Art Gallery someone would have to manually type the document word for word, but with OCR you just scan the document and it could be converted to several formats such as Microsoft Word, Excel, Access, PDF or HTML. OCR would save a lot of time as it is fast in reading documents, just scan a document and it would be ready in seconds. A lot of businesses have chosen this technology as it cuts time in producing a document which would usually take days to complete can now be accomplished in a minute. As stated in the scenario the documents which the Art Gallery has are neatly handwritten characters which are easy to read so the problems with recognising font wouldnt be of a problem to hinder the operations carried out by this technique. Advantages of Optical Character Recognition Quicker processing, up to 60 sheets per minute Savings in costs and efficiencies by not having the paper questionnaires Scanning and recognition allowed efficient management and planning for the rest of the processing workload Reduced long term storage requirements, hard copy documentation could be destroyed after the initial scanning, recognition and repair Quick retrieval for editing and reprocessing Minimizes errors associated with physical handling of the questionnaires Disadvantages of Optical Character Recognition Higher costs of equipment High calibre IT staff required to support the system Handwriting on census forms be as close as possible to the model handwriting to avoid recognition error Possibility for error during character substitution which would affect data quality Tuning of recognition engine to accurately recognize characters is critical with trade-off between quality and cost Intelligent Character Recognition (ICR) Intelligent Character Recognition is sometimes compared with Optical Mark Recognition because of their similarities, but the difference with ICR is its advancement in recognition patterns allowing the technology to recognise all fonts and different styles of handwriting. This technology also allows automatic updates to the recognition of new hand writing patterns in its database. This technology is best suited for the transferring of the forms in the Art Gallery because it would recognise the handwriting on the forms without any editing taking place. The process of documenting the forms to the computerised system would entail the form being scanned; the data is captured then analyzed and translated using ICR software that enables pattern-matching and automatic indexing. Just like OCR the data could be transferred into several formats such as Word, Excel, Access, PDF, XML etc. According to managedoutsource.com some features and benefits of using ICR are: Can recognize any text of a form or a check Allows manual key boarding reduction or deletion Maximum process automation of documents Recognize text regardless of its specific typeface, style or size. Batch processing Automated updating, reports display and automated mass spectra interpretation Automatic checking of the information against databases and dictionaries Costs reduction for your business Because of the similarity with ICR and OCR the advantages and disadvantages may be the same. Therefore the following disadvantages are reiterations of OCR disadvantages as described earlier. Recommendation Voice recognition technology is another aspect of converting the paper based forms to the computerized system but due to all the training involved in this technology only the fastest and most reliable techniques were discussed. It is recommended that the museum use the Intelligent Character Recognition method for the transfer of the forms to the computerized system. Even though it is stated that the forms are easy to read and in standard English the Optical Character Recognition would have been the ideal choice, but doesnt know what the future holds while the process is actually being implemented and what errors may occur. One of the major downfalls the company would face with the ICR technology is its cost. This equipment quite costly and the budget of the Art Gallery are unknown. Instead of buying the machine it could be rented at a cheaper cost, because this technology is only being used to transfer the old forms and nothing further. This would result in a more economical status for the museum. Another form is to buy the machine and rent it out to other businesses who demand the use of this technology for the same purpose. The income generated from the ICR machine could be used in the borrowing of the art items from other galleries and private collectors. Prototype User Interface According to agilemodeling.com a prototype user interface is an iterative technique where users are involved in the development of the User Interface for the system. Since the actual system isnt necessary to demonstrate to the users all desired are snapshots of the designed prototype interface. Includes are the searching for the location of an item, editing an items details, adding a new item and listing the due for return to their owners by a selected date. In the searching process there are two options available to the user, by either entering the Art ID or browsing the current collection with the option of choosing the item type or by selecting the item. Once an option of choice is chosen the art details would be listed below. In the art item details there would be the name of the item what type of art it is, and its current location, further information could be granted to either see what exhibition room or store room it is located in. This form is designed to add a new art item into the catalogue. It gives the option of entering all the art details into the form, once completed the curator has the option of going to another record and view all records in the catalogue or add another record in the system, once completed the curator could close the form. This image is similar to adding the art information; the only difference is the editing aspect. The curator and assistant curators have specific functions where editing is concerned. First they search the record by browsing through the forms and choose the edit button to make changes to the art information. Once completed the new information is automatically saved then the user can close the form. Generating due dates is a function which the assistant curator does in the returning of an art item process. The assistant curator has two options of searching for the due dates. Either by entering a desired date and then the catalogue would list all the due art items on that particular day or by entering an art id which would display the due date of the item. When the search is completed the assistant curator could then print out a report of the information gathered or close the form and continue with the returning art item process. Security Issues Security is a continuous process of protecting an object from unauthorized access. It is as a state of being or feeling protected from harm. That object in that state may be a person, an organization or property such as a computer system. Many businesses suffer the loss of their business due to lack of security. Security doesnt only have to be securing the computer system of the Art Gallery but also its physical surroundings. Objects in the art gallery can either be tangible or non-tangible, tangible objects being hardware and paintings, and intangible being information and data in the system that the art gallery depends on for its continuation. There Art Gallery has many art items which are on loan from different galleries and private collectors which may be priceless or one of a kind art work so losing this could cost the art gallery fortunes. Listed below are the possible threats to security to the art gallery system. Physical Security This may vary in different ways, if there is poor security measures such as little or no implementation of swipe cards, biometrics, security guards, surveillance cameras and identification cards, this may result in a negative effect on the company as there may be imposters wishing to harm the operations of the business. Businesses sometimes think if securing your computer with anti-virus and firewalls would help secure your business but the little things like an unauthorized person gaining access to the building and removing the server, stealing hardware or by vandalizing equipment could make businesses suffer continuity. Therefore the Art Gallery should have proper implementation security guards, surveillance cameras, swipe cards and other media to help with securing the exhibition rooms and store rooms in the Art Gallery. Physical Attacks Physical attacks may result in the event of malicious activity, natural disasters or it may be an accident these attacks results from denial of service. Listed are some physical attacks that may be harmful to the Art Gallery: Fire destruction of art and equipment Water flooding or leaks in the art gallery Electrical Power Surges Temperature air condition failure Natural Disasters Hurricanes, earthquakes, etc. Equipment Failure failure in servers, surveillance cameras, swipe readers. Tampering of equipment With respect to the physical attacks once proper planning and prevention of the above mentioned are complied with the art gallery may be protected against any harmful measures. Faulty Software Faulty software may be unintentional mishaps, it doesnt necessary means sabotage in a business but manufacture problems. These could occur if there is a glitch in the Operating System causing it to malfunction; software was misconfigured during installation or database software malfunction or exploitable weakness. Malicious Software Malicious software is software designed to destroy a computer system without the owners informed consent. Malicious software could be developed by hackers or internal employees in the workplace. Some malicious software may include Computer Viruses Worms Trojan Horse Logic Bomb Hackers toolkit Spyware Dishonest adware Crime ware These malicious software can be contracted due to illegal use of the company internet for personal use other than work related or implanted into the system intentionally. Unauthorised Access Unauthorized Access may take form in different forms. A common way of unauthorized access is by leaving a system logged on and walking away from your desk, another co-worker may intentionally spy on your computer and steal information this is also called eavesdropping. Counter authentication is another form of unauthorised access which may include individuals guessing passwords, password interception, password cracking and session replay. Session Hijacking is the exploitation of a valid computer session to gain access to information or services in a computer system. Denial of Service Denial of service is designed to interrupt normal system functions and affect legitimate users to access the system. Hostile users send a flood of fake requests to a server making the connection impossible to establish. This may result in significant server downtime and financial loss for many companies. All these mentioned security issues are threats to the art gallery; even though some attacks are based on a networked system it is assumed that the Art Gallery would implement a network for the computerised system. Consequences to breach of security According to the threats discussed earlier they play serious threats to the Art Gallery. Once the art gallery has a breach in security it could harm the continuity of the business depending on the level of attack. Firstly starting off with physical attacks, a natural disaster can destroy the entire building with all the exhibits and computers which could terminate the continuation of the business continuity. Other physical attacks like flooding and fire may harm the business but it could be prevented or stopped once proper implementation of fire extinguishers and proper storage of computer system and art exhibits a secured. The difference is a natural disaster is sometime unpredictable. The loss of vital information pertaining to the catalogue with the owner details of art, and information could eventually result in physical theft of art items in the gallery. Some items in the art gallery may be priceless and belongs to persons all over the world; therefore loosing these items would endure the gallery into a financial disorder. Art Gallerys integrity and reputation could blemish as it would turn into a public scandal embarrassing they security measures and all private and confidential information exposed. Permissions User accounts are the best way of ensuring only the curator and assistant curators have write, edit and delete permissions in the proposed catalogue. Every user account is associated with a username and password, the users contact information, account restrictions allowing access to the database at only certain hours of the day and account status allowing the administrator to temporarily disable an account. The curator would be the administrator of the database allowing him access to any and everything he desires which may include the maintaining the art list, maintaining owners list, maintaining the location of art items etc. These functions would allow the curator have all CRUD functions in the database. Being the administrator no one can delete the account because the system depends on an administrator to function and administrator status could be granted to any a supervisor of the 6 assistant curators. The assistant curators would be granted general access to the database but granted certain permissions. The supervisor of the assistant curators may have write, edit and delete functions, whereas the other users may have write and edit functions. Reasons being a delete function is one of power and this permission should only be granted to persons of stature in an organization. This is also part of security reasons. Bibliography Publications Database Design Know it all by: S. Buxton; L. Fryman; R. Guting; T. Halpin; J. Harrington; W. Inmon; S. Lightstone; J. Melton; T. Morgan; T. Nadeau; B. ONeil; E. ONeil; P. ONeil; M. Schneider; G. Simsion; T. Teorey; G. Witt. Published by Morgan Kaufmann 2009 (1st Edition) A Student Guide to Object-Oriented Development by: C. Britton; J. Doake. Published by Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann 2005 (1st Edition) Database Solutions A step-by-step guide to building databases by: T. Connolly; C. Begg. Published by Pearson Education Limited 2004 (2nd Edition) Networking All-in-One Desk Reference for Dummies by: D. Lowe. Published by Wiley Publishing Inc. 2008 (3rd Edition) Use Case Driven Object Modeling with UML Theory Practice by: D. Rosenberg; M. Stephens. Published by: Springer-Verlag New York Inc 2007 (1st Edition) Using UML Software Engineering with Objects Components by: P. Stevens; R. Pooley. Published by Addision-Wesley, Pearson Education Limited 2006 (2nd Edition) ICR, OCR, OMR Published by NCS Pearson, Inc www.PearsonNCS.com 2004 Workshop on Consistency Problems in UML-based Software Development by: J. Bodaveix; T. Millan; C. Percebois; C. Le Camus; P. Bazex; L. Feraud; R. Sobex. Blekinge Institue of Technology 2002 Workshop on Consistency Problems in UML-based Software Development by: J. Derrick; D. Akehurst; E. Boiten. Blekinge Institute of Technology 2002 Websites http://www.computer-realm.net/omr-technology/ http://www.drs.co.uk/census_methods.html. http://search.pearson.com/compare/icr-ocr-omr.pdf www.flatworldsolutions.com/articles/advantages-disadvantages-outsourcing.php http://www.scribd.com/doc/8663036/Normalization www.cert.org/archive/pdf/inside cross051105.pdf http://www.omg.org/technology/uml/index.htm,

The Process of Video Game Design and Creation Essay example -- Gamin

Video games have become a substantial influence on the curriculum of the modern entertainment industry. From first-person shooters to role-playing games, the video game industry has became accessible to nearly every kind of player, whether it be a person who enjoys invigorating storytelling, or somebody who just wants to reduce armies into nothing more than bloody shrapnel. â€Å"†¦developing a ‘major’ game title can be a significant task – writers, game designers, sound designers, visual artists and more must work together to create the actual game.†(â€Å"The Process of Game Creation & the Game Design Document.") One thing not often taken into consideration, though, is the hard work and dedication that goes into many of the games people play. Every video game out there had to go through a rigorous process before it could reach the public’s hands. Every game usually starts out with a basic idea, a very basic concept, whether it is a story idea, or a game play idea. An idea might consist of something as simple as â€Å"A knight tries to save a princess from a monster,† or maybe â€Å"cars race with guns attached to their hull.† These ideas are so basic that one could argue a child could come up with them, but every idea has a start. Some games also draw inspiration from other media, such as movies or books, or television shows. A game play idea is only the start, though. This idea is usually put into a â€Å"Game Design Document,† a document that all the team members working on a game use to base their work off. Concept development is where the game starts to really become pieced together. â€Å"The concept development phase takes the germ of an idea for a game, works it up as a game outline, and tests it out on potential audiences.†("The Process of Game Cr... ...s into it. It requires a lot of work, polishing, and, when working with a staff, teamwork. Nobody makes a good game in one night. A single game may take years to complete. Not every game is great, but anyone who works in the industry understands what work goes into a game. It is not just, as one might say, â€Å"Fun and games.† Works Cited "The Process of Game Creation & the Game Design Document." Digital Worlds. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Aug. 2011. . "Brainy Gamer: The Cave Story story." Brainy Gamer. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Aug. 2011. . "Game Development Process - Design for Development."public wiki - Design for Development. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Aug. 2011.

Paleolithic and Neolithic Essay

The Paleolithic and Neolithic eras were in different periods of time even though they had similarities and differences in social, economic, and political areas. The Paleolithic era or â€Å"old stone age† the cultural period of the Stone Age that began about 2.5 to 2 million years ago, marked by the earliest use of tools made of chipped stone. The principle of the characteristic of the Stone Age was that human being hunted wild animals or gather edible products of naturally grown animals for food. The Neolithic era or Agricultural Revolution was a marker event that change food gathering to food producing and transformed human society. Paleolithic and Neolithic eras had much in common in social, economic, and political areas. Paleolithic and Neolithic eras had many similarities in political structures. In the Paleolithic era leaders emerged in each tribe, but none of them had wealth because of the constant moving for resources. In the Paleolithic and Neolithic eras both had some sort of leader or leadership although the Neolithic Era had a complex organized government the Paleolithic era had a group leader to make the decisions for the tribe consisting of a small amount of people. The Paleolithic and Neolithic also differ in political structures because the Paleolithic era only had a small group of people led by a group leader because of the constant moving they had to do to get resources. However the Neolithic era had a complex government because of the growth of population due to food surplus when they settle down at a resourceful location. Paleolithic and Neolithic eras had many similarities in social structures. In the Paleolithic and Neolithic era each gender had a role in society, but later on the Neolithic era the men’s role was superior to the women’s role. In the Paleolithic era men hunted and women gathered, everyone in society was equal and no one was above only the gods they worshiped were the only higher ones than them. The Neolithic and Paleolithic era differ in social structures because in the Paleolithic era women had drop down in the equality between men and women because men took over both the care of animals and plants therefore women were led to domestic chores but were not essential to the survival of the village. In the Paleolithic era gender  equality was extended even further to relations between sexes and all members of a tribe made important contributions to the survival of the community. The Paleolithic and Neolithic era had many similarities and differences in economics. In the Paleolithic and Neolithic era agriculture and trade was an economic resource. In the Paleolithic era meat had a high value over everything else they use to trade.In both Neolithic and Paleolithic era trade was done by both eras, but in the Neolithic Era there were much resources to trade because of the development of agriculture. In the Paleolithic era hunting and gathering economy practically prevents individuals from accumulating private property and basing social distinctions on wealth. In the Neolithic era specialization would make all the work more efficiently and raise the economy of the city. The Paleolithic and Neolithic eras had similarities and differences in social, economic, and political areas. In the Paleolithic and Neolithic eras each gender had a role in society but later on in the Neolithic era the men’s role was superior to the women’s role. In the Paleolithic and Neolithic eras both had some sort of leader or leadership although the Neolithic Era had a complex organized government. In the Paleolithic and Neolithic eras trade was done by both eras but in the Neolithic Era there were much more resources to trade because of the development of agriculture. The Paleolithic and Neolithic eras were very much familiar and differently.

Society’s Influence on Teenagers Anorexia Nervosa and...

Every generation has a set of values that they believe make a person beautiful. In the 1940’s and 50’s it was considered beautiful to be a voluptuous woman. A woman with a large chest and full hips was the ideal woman, such as Marylyn Monroe. The difference between then and now is, young women could escape this image if need be. Today it is impossible to ignore the stick thin super models on bill boards, TV, and in magazines. The influence of society on teenagers is so much that men actually expect a woman to be that stick thin model or they are considered â€Å"fat†, â€Å"tubby†, etc. The average fashion model is 59 to 6 tall. The average American woman is 5 4 tall. The average fashion model weighs 110-118 pounds. The average American woman†¦show more content†¦Yet, 50% of girls between the ages of thirteen and fifteen believe that they are overweight. (Westwind Eating Disorder Recovery Center) What are we doing to our young women? Why are we l etting them feel this way? Bulimia Nervosa is also known as hyperplasia which means abnormal appetite with a constant hunger, in other words over eating. (Dictionary, 2011) Bulimia Nervosa is when someone has frequent episodes of binge eating. The average binge happens about 11 times a week. (Debra Poole) A lot of the time it is followed by purging and the feelings of guilt or shame. They might feel like they have no control of what they are doing but they do know that something is not normal. Signs that someone may have Bulimia are: eating with no control, going to the bathroom frequently after meals, depression, mood swings and if them or their family member has problems with alcohol or drugs. Some physical complications of bulimia are: gastrointestinal problems, damaged or discolored teeth, lung irritation, and chronic loss of body fluids. (National Eating Disorders Screening Program Newsletter, 2002) Some figures for you to consider about Bulimia are that 95-98% of bulimics are female. 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